Content. Symbols. The head of state.

The Map of Great Britain. Of the four parts which make up Great Britain England is the largest,the industrial and most densely populated part of the United Kingdom

The Coat of Arm The rose was adopted as England"s emblem around the time of the War of the roses - civil wars () between the royal house of Lancaster (whose emblem was a red rose) King Richard II and the Yorkists

The F lag The cross of St. George, the Patron Saint of England, is the national English flag. The flag of the UK is officially called the Union flag, because it embodies the emblems of three countries united under one monarch. The Union Flag is commonly known as the Union Jack, although the exact origin of the name is unclear.

Born April 21, 1926, London. Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor (British). Elizabeth became Queen of England on June 2, 1953 after being crowned at Westminster Abbey in London. She has three sons, Prince Charles, Prince Andrew and Price Edward and one daughter, Princess Anne.

It is popularly known as Big Ben, but this name is actually a nickname for the clock"s main bell. The tower was actually built in the 12th century when king Нenry the eight ordered his servants to, because he didnt have a watch.

Buckingham Palace. It is the residence of the Queen

Hyde Park Hyde Park is one of the largest parks in central London and one of the Royal Parks of London, famous for its Speakers" Corner.

St.James"s Park St James"s Park is bounded by The Mall to the north, Horse Guards to the east, and Birdcage Walk to the south. The park has a small lake, St James"s Park Lake, with two islands, Duck Island (named for the lake"s collection of waterfowl), and West Island

Trafalgar Square is a square in London, that commemorates the Battle of Trafalgar (1805), a British naval victory of the Napoleonic Wars. The original name was to have been "King William the Fourth"s Square", but George Ledwell Taylor suggested the name "Trafalgar Square".

Westminster Abbey is one of the most famous, historic and widely visited churches not only in Britain but in the whole Christian world Westminster Abbey has had bells since 1220 and bells in use today include one 13th century and two 16th century bells. The Westminster Abbey Company of Ringers provides ringing at the Abbey for major church festivals, Royal and civic events.

Brighton. Brighton is one of the most popular seaside resorts in Britain. It is called “London-by-the sea”

The Thames is a river in southern England. It rises in Gloucestershire and flows through Oxfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Surrey, London, Essex, and Kent. The Thames

St.Paul"s Cathedral St Paul"s Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London. The cathedral is one of London"s most visited sites.

The Tower"s primary function was a fortress, a royal palace, and a prison (particularly for high status and royal prisoners, such as the Princes in the Tower and the future Queen Elizabeth I)

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UNITED KINGDOM

The British Isles lie in the north-west of Europe. They consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and many smaller ones. Great Britain, the largest island in Europe, includes England, Scotland, and Wales. Their capital cities are London, Edinburgh, and Cardiff.

Great Britain and Northern Ireland form the United Kingdom (U.K.)

The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy: Queen Elizabeth II is head of state of the UK. Over 61 million people live in the United Kingdom.

LONDON London is the capital of England, the capital of Great Britain, and the capital of the United Kingdom. It is the largest town in Europe and one of the oldest towns in the world.

TOURIST ATTRACTION IN LONDON The Merlin Entertainments London Eye (known more simply as The London Eye, and also known as the Millennium Wheel), at a height of 135 metres, is the largest Ferris wheel in Europe, and has become the most popular paid tourist attraction in the United Kingdom, visited by over three million people in one year. London Eye

Her Majesty"s Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as the Tower of London (and historically as The Tower), is an historic fortress and scheduled monument in central London, on the north bank of the River Thames. It is the oldest building used by the British government. The tower"s primary function was a fortress, a royal palace, and a prison (particularly for high status and royal prisoners, such as the Princes in the Tower and the future Queen Elizabeth I). It has also served as a place of execution and torture, an armoury, a treasury, a zoo, the Royal Mint, a public records office, an observatory, and since 1303, the home of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom. Today the Tower of London is cared for by an independent charity, Historic Royal Palaces. TOURIST ATTRACTION IN LONDON The Tower of London

TOURIST ATTRACTION IN LONDON The Tower Bridge The Tower Bridge is close to the Tower of London, which gives it its name. It has become an iconic symbol of London. The bridge consists of two towers which are tied together at the upper level by means of two horizontal walkways which are designed to withstand the horizontal forces exerted by the suspended sections of the bridge on the landward sides of the towers. The vertical component of the forces in the suspended sections and the vertical reactions of the two walkways are carried by the two robust towers. The bascule pivots and operating machinery are housed in the base of each tower. Its present colour dates from 1977 when it was painted red, white and blue for the Queen’s Silver Jubilee. Originally it was painted a chocolate brown colour.

Buckingham Palace is the official London residence of the British monarch. Located in the City of Westminster. Originally known as Buckingham House , the building which forms the core of today"s palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site which had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was subsequently acquired by George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte, and known as "The Queen"s House". During the 19th century it was enlarged, forming three wings around a central courtyard. Buckingham Palace finally became the official royal palace of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837. TOURIST ATTRACTION IN LONDON Buckingham Palace

The Palace of Westminster , also known as the Houses of Parliament , is the seat of the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom-the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The Palace lies on the north bank of the River Thames in the London borough of the City of Westminster, close to the government buildings of Whitehall. The palace contains around 1,100 rooms, 100 staircases and 5 kilometres of corridors. Although the building mainly dates from the 19th century, remaining elements of the original historic buildings include Westminster Hall, used today for major public ceremonial events such as liying in state, and the Jewel Tower. After a fire in 1834, the present Houses of Parliament were built over the next 30 years. The exterior of the Palace of Westminster-especially the Clock Tower -is recognised worldwide, and is one of the most visited tourist attractions in London TOURIST ATTRACTION IN LONDON Palace of Westminster

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland
Four countries:
-England
-Wales
-Scotland
-Northern Ireland
Every part has own emblem, flag, capital

The capitals of countries are:
§Northern Ireland-Belfast
§
§Scotland-Edinburgh
§
§Wales-Cardiff
§
§England-London

More than 60 million Main ethnic groups – English, Scottish, Irish, Welsh and other minority groupsLanguages – main language is English, other languages are Welsh, Scottish and Irish GaelicThe largest cities are London, Bristol, Birmigham, Cantebury, Exeter, Leicester, Manchester, Leeds, Edingurg and Glasgow

reat Britain is the fourth most populous country in Europe. Those of English descent constitute about 77% of the nation"s inhabitants. The Scottish make up 8%, and there are smaller groups of Welsh (about 4.5%) and Irish (2.7%) descent. Great Britain"s population has shown increasing ethnic diversity since the 1970s, when people from the West Indies, India, Pakistan, Africa, and China began immigrating; in the early 21st cent. these groups accounted for more than 5% of the population. There is also a significant minority of Poles, who arrived after Poland joined the European Union. English is the universal language of Great Britain. In addition, about a quarter of the inhabitants of Wales speak Welsh and there are about 60,000 speakers of the Scottish form of Gaelic in Scotland.

The Church of England, also called the Anglican Church (see England, Church of), is the officially established church in England (it was disestablished in Wales in 1914); the monarch is its supreme governor. The Presbyterian Church of Scotland is legally established in Scotland. There is complete religious freedom throughout Great Britain. By far the greatest number of Britons (some 27 million) are Anglicans, followed by Roman Catholics and other Christians. There are smaller minorities of Muslims, Hindus, Sikhs, Jews, and Buddhists.

About 25% of Britain"s land is arable, and almost half is suitable for meadows and pastures. Its agriculture is highly mechanized and extremely productive; about 2% of the labor force produces 60% percent of the country"s food needs. Barley, wheat, rapeseed, potatoes, sugar beets, fruits, and vegetables are the main crops. The widespread dairy industry produces milk, eggs, and cheese. Beef cattle and large numbers of sheep, as well as poultry and pigs, are raised throughout much of the country. There is also a sizable fishing industry, with cod, haddock, mackerel, whiting, trout, salmon, and shellfish making up the bulk of the catch.

Great Britain is one of the world"s leading industrialized nations. It has achieved this position despite the lack of most raw materials needed for industry. It must also import 40% of its food suplies. Thus, its prosperity has been dependent upon the export of manufactured goods in exchange for raw materials and foodstuffs. Within the manufacturing sector, the largest industries include machine tools; electric power, automation, and railroad equipment; ships; aircraft; motor vehicles and parts; electronic and communications equipment; metals; chemicals; coal; petroleum; paper and printing; food processing; textiles; and clothing.

During the 1970s and 80s, nearly 3.5 million manufacturing jobs were lost, but in the 1990s over 3.5 million jobs were created in service-related industries. By the early 21st cent., banking, insurance, business services, and other service industries accounted for almost three fourths of the gross domestic product and employed 80% of the workforce. This trend was also reflected in a shift in Great Britain"s economic base, which has benefited the southeast, southwest, and Midlands regions of the country, while the north of England and Northern Ireland have been hard hit by the changing economy.

The main industrial and commercial areas are the great conurbations, where about one third of the country"s population lives. The administrative and financial center and most important port is Greater London, which also has various manufacturing industries. London is Europe"s foremost financial city. Metal goods, vehicles, aircraft, synthetic fibers, and electronic equipment are made in the West Midlands conurbation, which with the addition of

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GEOGRAPHY Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales. It’s an island. It’s situated in the west of Europe. It’s washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. There are a lot of rivers and lakes, valleys and forests, rocks and hills. Its landscape is very picturesque. The weather is usually wet and foggy. Great Britain has borders with France, Ireland and other European countries.

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SYMBOLS The flag of Great Britain is red, white and blue. The British people call it “the Union Jack” The coat of arms of Great Britain has a crown on the shield, because it’s a monarchy. The shield is supported by the English lion and by the Unicorn of Scotland.

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THE ROYAL FAMILY The queen of Great Britain is Elizabeth the Second. Her official residence is the Buckingham Palace. The palace was built in the 18th century. Her elder son is Charles. Charles also has two sons, William and Harry.

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London and its sights The Tower Bridge was opened in 1893. Its towers are 65 metres. The Tower of London is famous for its ravens, they’ve lived here for 900 years. The Crown will fall, if the ravens leave the Tower. Big Ben is the most famous symbol of London.

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CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS These customs are really English. Halloween is celebrated on the 31st of October, it’s already well-known in Russia. Another old English custom is Guy Fawkes’ Day, it’s also known as Bonfire Night.It’s on the 5th of November. Children burn the guy. People watch the fireworks and go to the parties.